![]() ![]() ![]() Over the past few years, it has been demonstrated that the elimination of deep-level defects, which act as detrimental nonradiative recombination centers, is critical for realizing high-performance solar cells 15, 16, 17, 18. Therefore, PSCs represent a promising next-generation photovoltaic technology. The long-term operational stability of unencapsulated PSCs has also exceeded 1000 h in full sunlight after the interface engineering of device structures and molecular passivation of the perovskite layer 2, 12, 13, 14. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction PSCs has rapidly increased from 3.8% to a certified value of 25.7% 9, 10, 11. Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention from researchers since their first demonstration in 2009 1, 2, 3 due to the low-cost solution processing 4, tunable bandgap 5, high absorption coefficient 6, low recombination rate 7, and high mobility of charge carriers 8. It is expected this one-stone-for-two-birds strategy will benefit large-area fabrication that desires for simplicity. Moreover, the device without encapsulation retained 92% of its initial efficiency after 5000 h exposure in ambient and the device with encapsulation retained 95% of its initial efficiency after >500 h working at the maximum power point under continuous light irradiation in ambient. The resultant devices attain a power conversion efficiency as high as 25.3% (certified at 24.8%) with substantially improved stability. Herein, we report a one-stone-for-two-birds strategy in which both anion-fixation and associated undercoordinated-Pb passivation are in situ achieved during crystallization by using a single amidino-based ligand, namely 3-amidinopyridine, for metal-halide perovskite to overcome above challenges. In essence, the soft component and ionic–electronic nature of metal halide perovskites usually chaperonage large number of anion vacancy defects that act as recombination centers to decrease both the photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability. Even though the perovskite solar cell has been so popular for its skyrocketing power conversion efficiency, its further development is still roadblocked by its overall performance, in particular long-term stability, large-area fabrication and stable module efficiency. ![]()
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